TWI Frequently asked questions

What materials are difficult to join by friction welding?

Friction welding is a versatile and tolerant process capable of joining most engineering materials.

Some materials can be problematical, however. For example, those with a high melting point (such as refractory metals like molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, etc) and non-metals, for instance, ceramics.

Also, particular combinations of materials can be difficult because complex, brittle intermetallic compounds are formed during welding, or later in service, and these can severely weaken the joint.

Fortunately there are novel friction processes available which, in many cases, can overcome these problems. For example, friction brazing and third body friction welding where compliant interlayers, compatible with both materials, are used. Friction plunge welding is yet another option: with this technique, the strength of the joint can be enhanced by mechanical interlocking.

Further information:

FAQ: What is third-body friction joining?
FAQ: Can friction welding join ceramics to metals?
FAQ: Is it possible to braze using friction-based processes?
FAQ: What is friction plunge welding?