What materials can I join with friction stir welding?

TWI Frequently asked questions

Initially FSW was confined to relatively soft workpiece materials such as lead, zinc, magnesium and a range of aluminum alloys. More recently, copper, titanium, low carbon ferritic steel, alloy steels,stainless steels and nickel alloys have been welded. In principle, any material which can be hot worked should be weldable by this process. However, the tool material is often the limiting factor, rather than the material beingwelded.